Roquefort to bresse bleu: exploring the rich world of blue cheese in france

Blue cheese, a culinary delicacy revered by cheese enthusiasts worldwide, holds a special place in French gastronomy. Known as “fromage bleu” in French, this distinctive cheese is characterized by its striking blue-green veins and pungent aroma. But what exactly is blue cheese, and how is it made in the heart of France?

The Art of Blue Cheese Making

The creation of blue cheese is a meticulous process that requires precision and careful monitoring. The journey begins with the selection of high-quality cow’s, goat’s, or sheep’s milk. After pasteurization, the milk is inoculated with a specific type of mold, typically Penicillium roqueforti or Penicillium glaucum. These molds are responsible for the characteristic blue-green veins that give the cheese its unique appearance.

Maturation and Aging

Once inoculated, the cheese mixture is poured into molds and pierced with needles to create small air pockets. This process allows oxygen to penetrate the cheese, fostering the growth of the mold and the development of its distinctive flavor profile. The cheese is then left to mature in underground cellars or caves, where the temperature and humidity are carefully controlled. The maturation period can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the desired intensity of flavor.

Famous French Blue Cheeses

France is renowned for producing a diverse range of blue cheeses, each with its own unique characteristics:

Roquefort: The King of Blue Cheeses

Roquefort, hailing from the southern Aveyron region, is considered the epitome of French blue cheese. It is made exclusively from sheep’s milk and aged in the natural caves of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon. Roquefort possesses a complex, salty flavor with a slightly nutty undertone.

Fourme d’Ambert: A Creamy Delight

Fourme d’Ambert, originating from the Auvergne region, is a semi-soft blue cheese made from cow’s milk. It is characterized by its creamy texture and a milder flavor compared to other blue cheeses.

Bleu d’Auvergne: A Versatile Classic

Bleu d’Auvergne, also from the Auvergne region, is a versatile blue cheese that can be enjoyed on its own or incorporated into various culinary creations. It is made from cow’s milk and has a slightly crumbly texture with a pronounced blue flavor.

Pairing Blue Cheese

Blue cheese is a versatile ingredient that pairs well with a variety of flavors. Here are some suggestions:

• Sweet Fruits: Honey, pears, apples, and grapes complement the salty and pungent flavors of blue cheese.
• Nuts and Seeds: Walnuts, almonds, and pumpkin seeds add a crunchy texture and nutty flavor to blue cheese.
• Savory Accompaniments: Blue cheese can be paired with crackers, bread, and olives for a savory snack or appetizer.

Health Benefits of Blue Cheese

In moderation, blue cheese can offer some potential health benefits:

• Rich in Calcium: Blue cheese is a good source of calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth.
• Probiotic Properties: Blue cheese contains beneficial bacteria, known as probiotics, which support gut health.
• Anti-inflammatory: Some studies suggest that blue cheese may have anti-inflammatory properties.

Beyond the Cheese Plate

Blue cheese is not limited to cheese platters. It can be used to enhance the flavor of various dishes:

• Salads: Blue cheese crumbles add a tangy twist to salads.
• Burgers: Blue cheese is a delicious topping for gourmet burgers.
• Pizza: Blue cheese can be used as a unique pizza topping.
• Soups and Sauces: Blue cheese can be incorporated into soups and sauces for a rich and creamy flavor.

The Legacy of Blue Cheese in France

Blue cheese has played an integral role in French culinary history for centuries. It is a symbol of the country’s rich cheese-making traditions and a testament to the skill and passion of French cheesemakers. From the iconic Roquefort to the versatile Bleu d’Auvergne, French blue cheeses continue to captivate taste buds around the world.

Answers to Your Most Common Questions

Q: What is the difference between blue cheese and moldy cheese?
A: Blue cheese is intentionally made with edible mold, which gives it its characteristic blue-green veins and flavor. Moldy cheese, on the other hand, is not intended to contain edible mold and should not be consumed.

Q: Is blue cheese safe to eat?
A: Yes, blue cheese is safe to eat when made with edible mold. However, pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and people allergic to mold should exercise caution.

Q: How should blue cheese be stored?
A: Blue cheese should be stored in the refrigerator, wrapped tightly in plastic wrap or foil. It can be stored for up to 4 weeks.